Difference Between Greek and Roman Architecture of Antiquity

Contrast Between Greek and Roman Architecture of Antiquity Presentation The motivation behind this paper is to distinguish the contrasts between the Greek and Roman engineering of Antiquity. Albeit Greek and Roman engineering have different likenesses, it is critical to recognize the distinctions and the manners in which the Romans decided to adjust their persuasions. The five design orders were profoundly preferred in both Greek and Roman engineering. Greek Architecture Greek engineering is an extremely compelling and chronicled development which is utilized to move numerous modelers today. This development depended on the post and lintel framework which is essentially a framework comprised of segments. Despite the fact that the idea of segments may appear to be basic, the Greeks cut the segments into something lovely †including carvings of legendary animals. They made probably the most exact and unmistakable plans throughout the entire existence of engineering. The Greeks enthusiasm for effortlessness and extent in their structures proceeded to impact Roman draftsmen. There are five primary design arranges in traditional engineering which are Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan and Composite †which were totally named by the Romans. Greek draftsmen made the initial three and partook in impacting the last two â€Å"which were composites instead of real innovations† (Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2009-2014). The distinctions in these styles were best perceived by the dã ©cor that existed at the highest point of every section. (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian) The Doric Order  â The Doric Order was the first of the structural requests to be presented, the highest point of the section is plain and undecorated while the segment itself is fluted with equal scores. They stood legitimately on the sanctuary without a base. Conspicuous highlights of both Greek and Roman adaptations of the Doric request are the exchanging â€Å"triglyphs† and â€Å"metopes† (Essley, J). Three vertical depressions make up the triglyphs and copy the wooden end-shafts, which are upheld by the architraveâ that takes up the lower half of the entablature (superstructure of moldings and groups which lie on a level plane above segments). Under each triglyph are peglikedrops that keep up the structure. A triglyph is put in the middle over each segment with another between segments. â€Å"The Greeks felt that the corner triglyph should shape the edge of the entablature to make a stand out from the supporting section. The spaces between the triglyphs are themetopes† (Princeton, Online). (Sanctuary of Hephaestus in (Sharon Mollerus) Athens, Greece, 449-415 BC) The Ionic Order The Ionic Order was the second to be concocted and can be perceived by its looked over structure at the highest point of every segment †the sections are additionally fluted and sit on a base. This request is increasingly slim that the Doric however fundamentally the same as. (Segment of the Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, 421-406 BC) (Guillaume Piolle) The Corinthian Order The Corinthian Order was the most recent request to be delivered, the late old style time frame was the place the soonest model was found. It is best perceived for its elaborate capital †aside from this factor, it is equivalent to the past ionic request. The Corinthian Order was supported by the Roman engineers in a great deal of their work. (The Pantheon in Rome, 126 AD) (Rosengarten. A, 1898) Roman Architecture The Greek convention in design was proceeded by the Romans, their advantage is obvious in a large number of their structures †particularly their utilization of the Corinthian Order. The Romans were known as â€Å"great innovators† as a result of the manner in which they embraced new strategies and new materials and the manner in which they adjusted on existing procedures. The Romans presented the utilization of vaults and curves to make another compositional style. They kept on utilizing the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian requests †anyway adjusting the capital of the Corinthian to make it increasingly beautifying. The Tuscanâ columnâ is fundamentally the same as the Doric section however with a littler structure at the top. The Tuscan segment was utilized most â€Å"in local design, for example, peristyles and verandahs† (Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2009 †2014).There turned into a phase where sections were not, at this point utilized for structure, yet were simply enriching. The contrasts among Greek and Roman Architecture Greek and Roman engineering is generally comparative, they were propelled by the Greeks existing work and adjusted their own styles around it. â€Å"As noted on the Palomar Educational Style Guide, the Greeks favored a post and lintel development technique, while the Romans supported a genuine curve construction†. (Faller, M) In spite of the fact that the Romans were propelled by the Greeks which brought about numerous likenesses, there are as yet numerous distinctions, for example, the materials they decided to utilize. The two of them normally developed their structures from marble or limestone †be that as it may, the Romans culminated the utilization of cement in structures which permitted them to make all the more free-streaming structures. Corresponding to the styles of segments they utilized, they were totally preferred by both the Greeks and the Romans and showed up in a large portion of their structures. Despite the fact that, the Greeks preferred the utilization of the Doric and Ionic requests, though the Romans favored the more elaborate Corinthian request. The reason for the Greeks and Romans design was additionally unique. The majority of the current Greek engineering was planned as craftsmanship to respect their divine beings which brought about a less lavish inside. Because of the Romans progresses in material innovation, a more noteworthy assortment of Roman structures despite everything exist today. Roman engineering was delightful inside and remotely, reflecting â€Å"the quest for joy, a fundamental piece of Roman culture† (Faller, M) According to a greater amount of the development subtleties, the Greeks work was increasingly symmetrical which was known as â€Å"post and lintel construction†. The Romans assumed incredible acknowledgment for getting a handle on the curve and the vault, which are a conspicuous element in antiquated Roman design, yet not in Greek engineering. The Parthenon and the Pantheon The Parthenon and the Pantheon are both old sanctuaries †the Parthenon was worked in Greece for their god Athena and the Pantheon was built in Rome to praise the Roman divine beings. The Parthenon was first to be developed in 126 AD and the Pantheon was built around six centuries later around 447 †438 BC. (The Parthenon) (The Pantheon) Both these sanctuaries have numerous similitudes and contrasts because of the Romans adjusting the Greeks forms. Most of the outside plan of the Pantheon is adjusted from customary, antiquated Greek design, for example, that of the Parthenon. It is said that both of these sanctuaries worked as houses of worship during the medieval times and have both confronted modifying. The strict connections of the Pantheon kept it from being harmed by plunders, however tragically numerous pieces of the Parthenon were taken during the 1700s. Obviously, the Parthenon was a Doric sanctuary which was upheld by Ionic sections. The floor was built completely of marble, where the base was developed from limestone †run of the mill materials utilized by the Greeks. â€Å"The east pediment portrays the introduction of Athena, while the west pediment shows the challenge between Athena and Poseidon to become the city’s benefactor god† (Diffen, Online). This makes a difference to the Pantheon, which was a solid vault upheld by the lavish Corinthian sections. They were keen on catching more magnificence with little, unmistakable subtleties. Once more, commonplace materials, for example, marble and cement were utilized to develop this sanctuary. End Engineering history is the thing that shaped the design of today, both Greek and Roman engineering has played a tremendous impact in various current structures. Most of their work is fundamentally the same as however they despite everything kept on working from multiple points of view so as to offer their expression in engineering. Without the Romans †who aced the utilization of cement †may have brought about an alternate utilization of materials wherein we use today. Both the Greeks and Romans have made the premise of engineering to shape the procedure we have today. Word tally: 1277 List of sources Antiquated HISTORY ENCYCLOPEDIA. (2009 †2014) Greek Architecture. [Online] Available from: http://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Architecture/. [Accessed twelfth December 2014]. Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Photo, saw twelfth December 2014, http://i39.tinypic.com/30agqbs.png> PRINCETON. Doric Order. [Online] Available from: https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Doric_order.html. [Accessed twelfth December 2014]. Essley, J. Pediment and tympanum, Metopes and Triglyths. Terms from Greek sanctuaries. [Online] Available from: http://www.house-plan coffee.com/metopes.html. [Accessed twelfth December 2014]. Sanctuary of Hephaestus in Athens, Greece, 449-415 BC. Photo, saw thirteenth December 2014, http://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/doric-ionic-and-corinthian.html> Sharon Mollerus/open space, through Wikimedia Commons. Photo, saw thirteenth December 2014, http://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/doric-ionic-and-corinthian.html> Guillaume Piolle/open space, through Wikimedia Commons. Photo, saw thirteenth December 2014, http://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/doric-ionic-and-corinthian.html> Section of the Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, 421-406 BC. Photo, saw thirteenth December 2014, http://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/doric-ionic-and-corinthian.html&agt; The Pantheon in Rome, 126 AD. Photo, saw thirteenth December, http://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/doric-ionic-and-corinthian.html> Rosengarten. A,A Handbook of Architectural Styles,1898. Photo, saw thirteenth December 2014, http://arthistoryblogger.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/doric-ionic-and-corinthian.htm

Determining Avogadro’s Constant and Faraday’s Constant

Deciding Avogadro’s Constant and Faraday’s Constant Rundown of Apparatus Name of Apparatus Amount Vulnerability Electronic Stopwatch 1  ±0.2s Ammeter 1  ±0.01A Wires with crocodile cuts 1 D.C power source 1  ±0.01V 300cm3 Beaker 3 Copper strips 2 Sand paper 1 Graphite bar 2 pH test/information lumberjack 1  ±0.2 Electronic gauging balance 1  ±0.001 Information COLLECTION: The electrolytic cell utilized in this examination is shown in Fig 1: Fig 1 Diagram of electrolytic cell utilized in examination In this examination, a current is gone through the arrangement with copper as the cathode and graphite as the anode. After a set measure of time, the circuit is separated and the mass of the cathode is estimated. Following which, figurings are made in order to decide the Avogadro’s and Faraday’s steady. Subjective Observations At the point when the D.C power source was turned on, bubbles were framed at the Graphite anode. As the response advances, fine substance gets suspended in the arrangement and a dark strong stores can be found at the base of the measuring glass and there is a noticeable decay of the graphite cathode. As the response progress, a pink layer of copper shapes on the copper strip. The copper strip is initially earthy colored in shading while the graphite cathode is dark in shading. Inevitably, as the graphite terminal breaks down, the graphite atoms will turn the copper (II) sulfate arrangement from blue to dark in shading. In any case, when the copper sulfate arrangement is sifted, it is noticed that there is an abatement in the force of the blue shading in the filtrate after the electrolysis. The underlying pH of the arrangement is 2.75, after the electrolysis is completed, the pH diminishes to 2.10. Information Collection Steady factors Time Interval/s(â ±0.2) 300 Voltage/V 4V Current/A(â ±0.01) 0.25 Cathode Preliminary 1 Introductory mass/g ( ± 0.001 g) 1.315 Last mass/g ( ± 0.001 g) 1.279 Change in mass/g ( ± 0.002 g) 0.036 Synthetic condition for response at the anode: 2H2O (l) à ¯Ã†' O2 (g) + 4H+ + 4e (aq) Synthetic condition for response at the cathode: Cu2+ (aq) + 2e à ¯Ã¦'â Cu (s) Counts for cathode Counts Mistake Propagation Change in mass(Cu) = 0.036g Mols of (Cu) = =5.7 x 10-4 mol Number of mol of electrons- Utilizing mol proportion Cu2+ (aq) + 2e à ¯Ã¦'â Cu (s) Number of mol of electrons =11.4 x 10-4 Charge coursing through circuit Number of electron charges in circut= Where is the basic charge, the charge of one electron Number of electron charges in circuit = Number of mol of electrons Where L is the Avagandro’s consistent Comparing the quantity of mols of electrons got structure the copper mass information and the quantity of mol of electrons from the current- Faraday’s consistent = = 67000 C %⠱î Mol of Cu = %⠱î Mol of Cu = = 5.6 % % Uncertainty of number of mol of electrons = % vulnerability of Mass(Cu) =5.6% % vulnerability of number of mol of electrons =5.6% %⠱î charge streaming in circuit = Rate blunder Rate blunder for Faraday’s Constant = = = 30% Rate vulnerability of faraday’s consistent =5.9% Rate deliberate blunder in Faradays’ steady =%error-%random mistake = 24.1% Rate blunder for Avogadro’s Constant = = 30% Rate vulnerability of Avogadro’s Constant =5.9% Rate deliberate blunder in Avogadro’s Constant =%error-%random mistake = 24.1% End Taking everything into account, the determined estimation of Faraday’s steady is mol-1 and Avogadro’s consistent is. As observed over, the rate mistake for both Faraday’s steady and Avogadro’s consistent are both 30% and subsequent to taking away the blunder because of instrumental vulnerability, the % precise blunder acquired is 24.1%. This shows the exploratory qualities determined vary extraordinarily from the writing esteems, demonstrating that there has been a lot of orderly blunder, which has made the determined worth be entirely different from the writing esteem. As rate mistake of both Faraday’s consistent and Avogadro’s steady are a lot bigger than their particular rate vulnerabilities, this shows the wellsprings of deliberate blunder are noteworthy and can't be disregarded Assessment Kind of mistake Confinement Improvement Efficient Oxidation of copper happens normally when the copper strip is presented to oxygen and when it is warmed in the broiler. In any event, when sand paper is utilized to scratch off the layer of copper oxide on the outside of the, it is hard to totally freed of all the copper oxide. The arrangement of copper oxide will influence the response when electrolysis happens and will influence the adjustment in mass of the copper cathode, which is the needy variable in this test. In any event, when the copper strip is submerged in the copper (II) sulfate arrangement, after a timeframe, it will in the end begin to frame a layer of copper (II) oxide which won't be associated with the electrolysis response. This will lessen the measure of copper which will experience response, making it decrease the inevitable determined Faraday’s and Avogadro’s consistent. It is difficult to keep the oxidation of copper from occurring notwithstanding, this methodical mistake can be limited. Other than guaranteeing that the layer of copper oxide is scratched off by scouring the copper strip too much with sandpaper. The ideal opportunity for which the copper remains in the stove can be limited or hair dryer can be utilized rather to pass the water over. Deliberate At the point when the graphite terminal beginnings to deteriorates as the response advances, sections of graphite will be scattered all through the whole arrangement. As copper (II) particles move towards the copper strip to plate it, a portion of the graphite sections may wind up joined to the copper strip too and can't tumble off as a layer of copper plates over the graphite pieces. This can be seen in the analysis when the copper strip is evacuated toward the finish of the examination; dark parts of graphite are seen on the copper strip. The graphite sections would effortlessly arrive at the copper strip mostly in light of the fact that they were very close to one another. Consequently, the graphite sections could without much of a stretch move towards the copper strips and connect to them. So as to limit this from occurring, the trial ought to lead in a 500cm3 measuring glass, with the copper strip and the graphite anode held further away from one another. Likewise, the graphite terminal ought to be situated beneath the copper strip so that as the graphite cathode breaks down, the graphite pieces will essentially sink towards the base of the measuring utencil, consequently it will be more uncertain for the graphite parts to coincidentally cover onto the copper anode Deliberate Changes in the current. At whatever point the 2 cathodes were moved, the current of the circuit changes. Consequently, at whatever point the copper anode was moved so as to be gauged, the current would change, bringing about a conflicting current all through the test. In the event that the present goes amiss from the expressed 0.25, the subsequent Faraday’s steady and Avogadro’s consistent will be influenced too. An expansion in current will bring about an increment in the Faraday’s steady and Avogadro’s consistent determined while an abatement in current will bring about a decline in the Faraday’s consistent and Avogadro’s consistent determined. So as to forestall vacillations in the present because of the moving anodes, a counter stand can be utilized to hold the cathodes set up and keep them from moving. This is substantially more dependable than simply utilizing hands to hold the terminal, bringing about a decrease in the variance of the current A rheostat can be utilized and remembered for the circuit so as to modify the measure of opposition of the circuit with the goal that the ideal current can be accomplished. As current is contrarily proportionate to obstruction as indicated by Ohm’s law, the opposition of the circuit can be balanced so as to guarantee a steady present of 0.3 all through the investigation. Methodical Additionally, another wellspring of deliberate blunder in this examination would originate from the way that, the perusing on the ammeter doesn't show the real electric flow coursing through the anodes and the electrolyte as this worth may diminish because of intensity misfortunes in the wires. That is the electrical vitality would be changed over to warm. Anyway the obstruction of the wires in the circuit was thought to be immaterial in this investigation for effortlessness. This would prompt precise blunder as we would reliably overestimate the greatness of the present coursing through the electrolyte. This blunder can be stayed away from if the estimations of the obstruction of the wires just as the inner opposition of the force source were known and remembered for the computations made. Methodical The copper cathode may experience a procedure called passivation[1] where the metal structures a defensive layer on its surface to shield it from external factors, for example, water or air to forestall consumption. Such a defensive layer will bring about a high opposition which will prompt a voltage delay. This procedure may likewise happen on the graphite terminal. During the response, within the sight of passivation, the underlying pace of the expansion in mass of the copper anode will be eased back down; at last influencing the all out increase in mass by the copper cathode, influencing the Faraday’s steady and Avogadro’s consistent determined. This procedure of passivation can be evacuated by permitting the response to advance for 5 minutes to maintain a strategic distance from a voltage delay. 5 minutes was picked in light of the fact that too short a period will be deficient to evacuate th

Find Your Voice with The Insecure Writers Support Group

Find Your Voice with The Insecure Writers Support Group Does a blank page leave you feeling intimidated, queasy or ready to pull your hair out? If you said yes then chances are good that you are a writer. Now, provided that the image of a blank page didnt send you crawling back to the trenches ready to wave your white flag of surrender, give us a chance to make amends for the trauma we just put you through by directing your attention to an online media business that understands your plight, understands your stress levels, understands that blank-page phobia and ultimately understands how to get past all that to make you a more productive writer. Dont believe us? Then check out the Insecure Writers Support Group for yourself.From the moment you enter the support groups homepage youll be welcomed by the image of a bright hopeful beacon of light. Perhaps its calling you in the right direction or perhaps its just calling you to East Egg (for all your Hemingway-philes out there; even though were pretty sure its the former); either way, the imag e is a comfort for all those tired, weary writers looking for respite. Well, youve found it, so hang your hat and pour yourself a glass of Writers Tears whiskey if you need to and then let this community of writers welcome you with open arms. Think of it as group therapy meets motivational coaching.I just poured my first glass…tell me moreThe Insecure Writers Support Group (IWSG) is the brainchild of sci-fi writer Alex Cavanaugh, who discovered that there was a sea of doubting writers turning to the Internet to share their concerns, hang-ups and tales of book-writing woe; fortunately, for a lot of these writers, their self-doubts were met with positivity, reassurance and helpful advice from other writers (a benefit that wasnt lost on Alex). From this discovery, IWSG was born. Since its inception in 2011, IWSG has more than 3,000 Facebook members, 600+ newsletter subscribers and about 250 active bloggers.Whats great is that IWSG can benefit all writers, no matter where they might b e in their career. You could be a bestselling writer or you could just have discovered that youre a natural-born writer (lucky you!) and youll find writers on the site that can help you tackle your unique challenges. So, put away that bottle of Writers Tears and lets delve into the many facets of being a member of IWSG.Not just writer-friendly but also user-friendlyWere all about getting information quickly nowadays and we want a site thats able to provide us what we need when we need it. Okay, that might sound a bit greedy but lets be honest; no one has time to fall down the proverbial rabbit hole and spend precious time searching for the necessary information when that time could be better spent writing. Lets just say that IWSG understands this.At the top of the support groups homepage, simple, straightforward headers direct you to the topic that is most helpful to you based on your current stage in the writing process. Are you interested in self-publishing? Theres a tab for that. Ready to find an agent to shop your new book? Theres a tab for that. Need some writing tips to help you jump that writers block hurdle? Okay, you get the point (and, in case you didnt, there is also a tab for that). Theres a reason IWSG has received best writing websites awards from both Writers Digest and The Write Life. After all, this online support system brings together a common issue that a lot of writers face and provides a simple, easy-to-use platform to help you conquer those issues.A wellspring of writing resourcesOkay, lets get to the good stuff: writing resources. After all, this is why you want to join this support group, right? All you have to do is click the tab Writing Tips and youll be directed to an exhausting list of resources and advice on a variety of subjects:1st 5 Pages Writing Workshop (for young adult writers)Advanced Fiction WritingThe Adventurous WriterAlmost a WriterThe Book DesignerCreativity Portal (for everything from greeting cards to screenplays)Dai ly Writing TipsFree Writing EventsFunds for WritersGrammar SlammerGoogle TrendsGrammarphobia (because grammar shouldnt be scary)Helping Writers Become AuthorsHorror Writers AssociationHow to Write a Book NowInternet ResourcesKidLit (for authors writing young adult works)Make a Living WritingMen with Pens (its the new men in tights but wordier)Moody WritingThe Novel FactoryOne Stop for WritersRomance UniversityScreenwritingWriting and IllustratingWriting and WellnessYA HighwayAnd this list is just scratching the surface of some of the writing resources youll find on their site, carefully curated by the administrative team at IWSG. All you have to do is click the links that apply to you (sounds pretty easy, right? Hint: it is).Among these resources, youll also find links to advice from specific writers. More than likely youll find a writer on this list that best aligns with your style or could help you navigate those choppy writing waters. So, instead of spending your time trying to h unt down the online writing resources you need to get started, IWSG did it for you.Need a sounding board for your writing stressors? Fuggedaboutit. The first Wednesday of every Monday its time to sound the alarm and post your innermost fears and concerns on your own blog and watch as the proverbial cheering squad appears to give you the pep talk you need to own that blank page (just dont forget to leave a little love for the other doubtful writers out there before you show that blank page whos boss).To self-publish or not to self-publish?At some point in a writers life, that will most certainly be the question. Perhaps your novel, short story or poetry is already ready to grace the world with its presence, but you are currently standing at a publishing fork in the road. If so, IWSG offers a section for Self-Publishing and also one for Publishers, Agents, Queries to help you choose the path that best suits your needs. Self-publishers will find extensive information on everything from book formatting to finding an editor or book printer.If you choose to turn to a publisher or agent to help you peddle your literary wares, IWSG offers an extensive list of both large and small publishers, as well as publishers that cater to your specific demographic or style such as romance novels or childrens stories. Youll even find samples of professional query letters to submit to publishers and agents to help get those creative juices flowing once more so that you can write a successful query for your manuscript.Know how to market yourselfYouve spent all of your time and energy into creating your potential bestseller but how the heck is anyone going to know to read it? All you have to do is go on Amazon or Goodreads and its easy to get lost amongst the 600,000 to 1 million new books published each year just in the US alone. How do you go from zero to one in a million? Simple: good marketing. Okay, maybe good marketing isnt that simple, but dont worry; IWSG has your back with r esources such as:Author Marketing ExpertsBiblioCrunch (for all those self-publishers out there)Book CoachingBook Marketing Book PromotionBoost Blog TrafficDigital Book WorldKiller Book MarketingPublishers WeeklySavvy Writers e-Books OnlineSelf-Publishing ReviewSocial Media ExaminerThe Book DesignerThe Non-Fiction ZoneThe Publicity HoundWhere Writers WinWrite to Sell Your BookWriters BoonAgain, IWSG is a one-stop online writing shop from which to snag some new and helpful industry tips for how to market everything from your personal blog to your first novel. Youll even find a link to online courses for social media and email marketing strategies (lets boost that blog traffic, yo!). Enjoy a plethora of expert tips and guidance to help make navigating the world of marketing a whole lot simpler.Hone your skillsDo you feel like your writing could use a little spruce or inspiration? When you hop onto the IWSG website youll find a laundry list of conferences, conventions, workshops and r etreats from all over the world that will help you dust off your writing chops and even soup them up a bit (its the Pimp My Ride of writing skills), no matter if your passion is to become the next Madeleine LEngle of young adult books or to write crime fiction à la James Ellroy.Still hungry for more?If so, all you Hungry, Hungry Caterpillars can sink your teeth into The Insecure Writers Support Group Guide to Publishing and Beyond. As you can glean from the title, the guide can help you with everything from brainstorming your next book idea to publishing and marketing it appropriately. Better yet? These comforting anecdotes and practical tips come from actual members of IWSG whove also been in your shoes.Even writers need a little support (or perhaps even a little schadenfreude on a bad day) and it seems like IWSG is ready to dish it out in spades, along with a generous helping of professional advice and tips of the trade learned by others who once sat down and pulled their hair ou t over a blank page. Its time to turn on your writing prowess and turn off that Netflix. We know that story wont write itself, but with the Insecure Writers Support Group, it certainly got a whole lot easier.

Posse Comitatus Act and the US Military on the Border

On April 3, 2018, President Donald Trump proposed that U.S. military troops be deployed along the United States border with Mexico to help control illegal immigration and maintain civil order during construction of the secure, border-length fence recently funded by Congress. The proposal brought questions of its legality under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act. However, in 2006 and again in 2010, Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama took similar actions. In May 2006, President George W. Bush, in Operation Jumpstart, ordered up to 6,000 National Guard troops to the states along the Mexican border to support the Border Patrol in controlling illegal immigration and related criminal activities on U.S. soil. On July 19, 2010, President Obama ordered an additional 1,200 Guard troops to the southern border. While this buildup was  substantial and controversial, it did not require Obama to suspend the Posse Comitatus Act. Under Article I of the Constitution, Congress may use the â€Å"militia† when necessary â€Å"to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions.† It also guarantees that the states will be protected against invasion or attempts to overthrow their â€Å"republican form of government,† and, when requested by the state legislature, against â€Å"domestic violence.† These constitutional provisions are reflected in the Insurrection Act of 1807 both before and after the passage of the Posse Comitatus Act. The Insurrection Act governs the presidents ability to deploy troops within the U.S. to put down lawlessness, insurrection, and rebellion.   As now expressed by law at 10 U.S. Code  §Ã¢â‚¬ ¯252, the Insurrection Act is interpreted to mean: â€Å"Whenever the President considers that unlawful obstructions, combinations, or assemblages, or rebellion against the authority of the United States, make it impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States in any State by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, he may call into Federal service such of the militia of any State, and use such of the armed forces, as he considers necessary to enforce those laws or to suppress the rebellion.† The Posse Comitatus Act limits the Guard troops to acting only in support of the U.S. Border Patrol, and state and local law enforcement officers. Posse Comitatus and Martial Law The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 prohibits the use of U.S. military forces to perform the tasks of civilian law enforcement such as arrest, apprehension, interrogation, and detention unless explicitly authorized by Congress. The Posse Comitatus Act, signed into law by President Rutherford B. Hayes on June 18, 1878, limits the power of the federal government in the use of federal military personnel to enforce U.S. laws and domestic policies within the borders of the United States. The law was passed as an amendment to an army appropriation bill following the end of Reconstruction and was subsequently amended in 1956 and 1981. As originally enacted in 1878, the Posse Comitatus Act applied only to the U.S. Army but was amended in 1956 to include the Air Force. In addition, the Department of the Navy has enacted regulations intended to apply the Posse Comitatus Act restrictions to the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The Posse Comitatus Act does not apply to the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard when acting in a law enforcement capacity within its own state when ordered by the governor of that state or in an adjacent state if invited by that state’s governor. Operating under the Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Coast Guard is not covered by the Posse Comitatus Act. While the Coast Guard is an â€Å"armed service,† it also has both a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency mission. The Posse Comitatus Act was originally enacted due to the feeling of many members of Congress at the time that President Abraham Lincoln had exceeded his authority during the Civil War by suspending habeas corpus and creating military courts with jurisdiction over civilians. It should be noted that the Posse Comitatus Act greatly limits, but does not eliminate the power of the President of the United States to declare martial law, the assumption of all civilian police powers by the military. The president, under his or her constitutional powers to put down insurrection, rebellion, or invasion, may declare martial law when local law enforcement and court systems have ceased to function. For example, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, President Roosevelt declared martial law in Hawaii at the request of the territorial governor. What the National Guard Can Do on the Border The Posse Comitatus Act and subsequent legislation specifically prohibit the use of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marines to enforce the domestic laws of the United States except when expressly authorized by the Constitution or Congress. Since it enforces maritime safety, environmental and trade laws, the Coast Guard is exempt from the Posse Comitatus Act. While Posse Comitatus does not specifically apply to the actions of the National Guard, National Guard regulations stipulate that its troops, unless authorized by Congress, are not to take part in typical law enforcement actions including arrests, searches of suspects or the public, or evidence handling. What the National Guard Cannot Do on the Border Operating within the limitations of the Posse Comitatus Act, and as acknowledged by the Obama administration, National Guard troops deployed to the Mexican Border States should, as directed by the states governors, support the Border Patrol and state and local law enforcement agencies by providing surveillance, intelligence gathering, and reconnaissance support. In addition, the troops will assist with counternarcotics enforcement duties until additional Border Patrol agents are trained and in place. The Guard troops may also assist in the construction of roads, fences, surveillance towers and vehicle barriers necessary to prevent illegal border crossings. Under the Defense Authorization Act for FY2007 (H.R. 5122), the Secretary of Defense, upon a request from the Secretary of Homeland Security, can also assist in preventing terrorists, drug traffickers, and illegal aliens from entering the United States. Where Congress Stands On the Posse Comitatus Act On Oct. 25, 2005, the House of Representatives and Senate enacted a joint resolution (H. CON. RES. 274) clarifying Congress stance on the effect of the Posse Comitatus Act on the use of the military on U.S. soil. In part, the resolution states by its express terms, the Posse Comitatus Act is not a complete barrier to the use of the Armed Forces for a range of domestic purposes, including law enforcement functions, when the use of the Armed Forces is authorized by Act of Congress or the President determines that the use of the Armed Forces is required to fulfill the Presidents obligations under the Constitution to respond promptly in time of war, insurrection, or other serious emergency.

An Explanation Of Online Credit Reports Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1213 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In the past, credit reports were perhaps more of a problem for customers. But today, with the Internet, online credit reports are easy to obtain and without spending too much of time. The websites that help with the process of obtaining online credit reports should be researched before being chosen. When selecting for an authentic website for credit reports, it is important for customers to opt for reliable websites that provide accurate information. Sometimes payments made or debts that have been cancelled may not be reflected in the credit report and this may negatively affect loans and other financial deals for which the person may have applied. This is also one major reason why a person should have an updated copy of his credit report available. They should make sure that their credit reports reflect their true credit position. It is also important for them to remember that the contents of the credit reports from different agencies may differ. It is essenti al for them to apply to websites that offer the information they need. Credit reports help in noticing any inaccuracies and taking the necessary steps to correct them as early as possible. Credit reports are excellent indicators of whether customer has been a victim of an identity theft. It is advisable to opt for the websites that offer security of personal information provided. If an unauthorized person accesses the information, he could get loans or credit cards with the help of the persons personal details provided. Although identity theft situations are remediable, they take a lot of time and hard work, apart from the additional payments needed for credit repair services. Getting a credit report is essential to help ensure the financial well being of the customers. It can also help fix inaccurate credit data as soon as possible. FAST ONLINE CREDIT REPORTS Some people view credit reports as something they can put off for later. Credit reports were an annoying inconvenie nce in the past, but with the Internet technology today, online credit reports have become a fast and easy affair. A fast online credit report helps prevent financial problems from getting worse. Fast online credit reports give individuals an overview of their financial standing and it helps in rebuilding a poor credit history. Previously, people had to pay to get a copy of their credit report. Today, in most places, people can get a free copy of their credit report, within minutes. All these customers have to log on to the Annual Credit Report, a website made possible with the cooperation of the top three U.S. credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax and get their credit reports. They can also request for individual credit reports from these three agencies. It is important to remember that the content of the credit reports from these agencies may differ. All the information that is obtained form the online credit reports is very important to determine a persons finan cial position. Many people sometimes do not realize that there are institutions that use the credit reports of customers for reasons that may affect the customers finances. When applying for a mortgage or for a re-mortgage of property, customers need to know that their credit report is one of the things that their creditor will need to consider. This information is also significant when it comes to insurance and loans. At these times, all that counts is creditworthiness. Financial institutions consider credit-worthy customers only. A credit report is one of the main documents that help the financial institutions to decide on providing a loan. Customers should make the effort to ensure that their credit reports are in order. MULTIPLE ONLINE CREDIT REPORTS Today, crimes such as fraud and identity theft have become common. It is very important for people to view their credit reports regularly. This will enable them to take the necessary steps as early as possible to rectify the s ituation and minimize the consequences. To obtain an online credit report is much easier nowadays because of the large number of websites that are offering this service. Customers have the option of obtaining a free copy, every twelve months. These websites provide a credit score. A credit score is a grading system that adds or subtracts points based on selected data in the credit report. Negative factors like late payments and bankruptcies take points away whereas a strong credit history and the careful use of available credit, adds points. There are several reasons why credit scores may vary. Not all financial institutions report to all the three credit bureaus, Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. A late payment reported by a credit card agency to only one bureau would lower his score on that credit report. Until recently, each credit bureau used its own variant of the standard scoring model and any deviation would end in a different score. The three national bureaus now use the same scoring model. In 2002, researchers conducted a study to examine the reasons for different scores at the three national credit bureaus. Besides different reporting practices by the lending institutions, the study also found that customers sometimes have multiple or mixed credit reports. This was due to the variations in the names used on credit applications and credit files that include information about more than one customer. If any of the bureaus return a report without scoring it or if it is not possible for the bureau to locate a report for the applicant, the information is recorded. ONLINE CREDIT REPORT SITES Recent changes, in the legal system, have helped customers to avail of a free online personal credit report from websites, especially if they have been recently turned down for credit. Checking credit history ensures that the information is accurate. The credit standing of an individual affects the interest rates offered, insurance premiums and even his employment chances. Credit reports are used by a number of companies to make decisions about their customers. Financial institutions classify loan applications based on the credit history. Loans taken for cars, insurance rates and plans to mortgage or re-mortgage may be affected by the credit reports. Potential employers can also evaluate applications of employees, on their credit report. In addition to payment history, credit reports include records of arrest, legal punishments, insurance policies over a certain amount and proof of residence. These details stay on the report permanently, unlike the payment history that drops off after a certain period. There are a number of ways to avail of a credit report. By applying online the reports can be got immediately, free of cost. To receive credit reports online, the person can go directly to the sites of Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion, the three well- known credit-report agencies. He can also request for the credit report t hrough a third party site. These sites offer additional services, like providing the credit rating score. Once the person has received his credit report from the site, it is advisable to check for errors. Credit reports are the most important tools that help in discovering any discrepancies in the credit situation of a person as early as possible and in preventing credit disasters, in the long term. Hence it is vital to check credit reports regularly and make sure that the information they have on record is correct and accurate. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Explanation Of Online Credit Reports Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Civil War Reconstruction Free Essays

America between 1865 and 1876 was very broken and disunited due to the obvious Civil War. There was much effort put in my various powers to put together America again and attain the unity preferably desired by the central governing body. Both the Congress and the Citizenry participated to remedy the discretely disunited states. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil War Reconstruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now President Johnson, who took office right after Lincoln against the radical republicans to piece together America, is a perfect example of Congressional effort put into the problem. As for the citizenry putting in effort, the Freedmen’s Bureau and sharecropping both showed a different paradigm of the problem on a level in which the average citizens could assist in unifying America again. Through examples we will soon see exactly how the two entities combined forces of the government and the people to fight for a common goal. After the conclusion of the Civil War with the defeat of the Confederate states, an organization by the name of Freedman’s Bureau was composed to give abandoned or confiscated land to freed African Americans to live on. This land was given to them in the form of grants that were approximately 40 acres, give or take, to live on for three years. After these 3 years, they would be able to purchase the land at a very low price. This organization helped put America together again because it shows the co-op method in which the Congress set up an establishment to give freedom to the black and then the people were readily agreeing to it, not rebelling. This also changed the Citizenry’s view of slaves in a certain way. As the Dread Scott case mentioned that slaved were not people they were property, well, now they were able to purchase land. This meant that since property can not own property and only another person can own property, that people must soon see slaves as reasonably people and not property. Although not revolutionary since segregation was very common amongst both North and South states, there was still a new perspective offered to people to accept slaves as people themselves. This would soon help bring the South and North closer as they would begin to begin in soon the same ideology towards people of different colors and cultures. Another factor important in tying together America was sharecropping, which however was not as good. Sharecropping meant that a squad or family could work independently for a fixed share of crop, around ?. The positive side to this was the fact that there was no expenditure in advance of harvest. The tenant had to share the risks of crop failure or a fall in cotton prices. Blacks believed this to be helpful to them, and since it was the Citizenry who decided upon doing this, we can see that the not only the government, but all the way down to the individual person we can see that citizens would put forth effort to cooperate with the new system of social life considering slavery was no longer an option. Although in the 1870s it became a servitude type instance in which croppers lived on credit until the cotton was sold. This was en route back to a modified adaptation of slavery in this time period. However until then, it was a vital key to show the vast effort put into the bringing together of America. The president also played a vital role in the bringing together of America. President Johnson wanted to reprieve the formerly Confederate states. He believed in organizing a new government and electing new representatives for states. This was contrary to the bringing together of America. Thus his opponent, the Radical Republicans came into action. Their plan was to fully represent the southern states’ government and also used military force to do so. They also passed the Civil Rights Acts to give slaves full rights. They wanted to grant suffrage to freedmen. This political party of republicans showed that the president was overpowered and thus could not disagree otherwise as the republicans fully gained the support of the people in their cause. Because of their success in this, they were able to put together America by the use of military force, which almost always does the job as we can see the Civil War settling any social issues about slavery. The fact that people began to not only include slaves as people, but to give them rights as well was a leap for American men, especially in the South. This was all part of the effort for unity. So as we can see from the efforts of the Radical Republicans and the Freedmen’s Bureau, there is much cooperation between the Citizenry and the Congress in the unity of America pose-Civil War. How to cite Civil War Reconstruction, Essay examples

Academic Strategies free essay sample

Liberal Arts Education is the process of becoming a free person liberated from intellectual vices such as apathy, lack of curiosity, and ignorance. Using the metaphors and symbols of the cave, why does the university require students to engage in the process of Liberal Arts Education? No Both. Could have connected it better to the story. Even the best students often encounter challenges with their study skills throughout their college career. In fact, it is not uncommon for students who earned As in high school to seek out additional study strategies once they experience the variety of coursework in college.Identify a couple of challenges that you may expect to encounter with regard to your own study skills, and then discuss the resources available and your action plan to overcome those challenges. Challenges Resources Action Plan Example: Inability to fully concentrate and take notes during a long lecture. US Academic Resource Center online information and workshops, I. We will write a custom essay sample on Academic Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page E. Information about active listening during lectures. Read the information on the ARC website about listening during lectures. Practice habits of an effective listener listed on the website.Take a quick nap before class, put phone and laptop away, and practice concentrating during history class. Visit ARC workshop if that doesnt work. 1. I am worried will be a procrastinator, and not work as hard as I should on my studying. I can go use the US Academic Resource Center and watch helpful videos. I can also refer to some of the videos that have been used on the US 1010 Canvas course. Start making study schedules. I need to start doing my homework when it is handed out and fresh in my mind.I need to do homework when it is first available for me to do it. Can also make calendars and plan out my weeks. 2. I will also struggle to keep up with the rest of the class. I am a slow learner, and I am worried will fall behind. Can use the resources my professor gives me, like Supplemental Instruction classes, and also teaching assistants. Can also use the Library study groups and use the opportunity to study with my peers. I need to start going to Supplemental Instruction Courses and make time to learn more when I am not caught up.I need to make sure I put in extra time to study and stay caught up. Did you use your annotation and notes while taking the quiz? If so, would you have done as well if this was a closed-note quiz? Did use my notes and annotation, but think would have probably done just as well as did without them. What did you learn while doing this assignment? It is important to do well on note-taking and annotating. Even if you are not able to use those on a test or quiz, you retain more information by writing It down and going through the material repeatedly afterwards.

Francisco de Goya Biography free essay sample

Biography: Francisco Jose de Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Saragossa on March 30th in 1746 to Joseph and Gracia Goya-Lucientes. Goya attended Escuelas Pias, a school where he developed a close friendship with Martin Zapatar whom he promised he’d never forget. After graduating from Escuelas Pias, Francisco entered the studio of Jose Lujan, who was an Academic Painter. Goya learned a tremendous amount from Jose; he learned the elementary steps of painting among other valuable things. Goya was a talented man. He played the guitar and was a bull fighter, where he participated in local bull fighting. After several years, Goya moved to Madrid where he studied with Mengs, a popular painter of the Royal Court. However Francisco and Mengs clashed in terms of personality and art approach therefore Goya left Mengs’ studio and went to study with another painter. Soon after that, Goya moved to Rome where he entered the studio of Francisco Bayeu. We will write a custom essay sample on Francisco de Goya Biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There, he learned the art of colour. During Goya’s travels in Italy, Goya was awarded the second prize in a painting competition organized by the city of Parma in January 1771. He continued to be the pupil of Bayeu while his paintings were already becoming popular. In 1774 Goya married Bayeu’s sister, Josefa, or Pepa, as Goya affectionately called her. Goya’s marriage to Pepa introduced him to the Royal Tapestry Workshop where in five years he designed forty-two patterns for tapestry. He also painted a canvas for the Alter of the Church of San Francisco, El Grande and was appointed a member of the Academy of San Fernando. In 1783 Goya succeeded in being appointed to paint a portrait of King Carlos II and by doing so he became fairly close with the Crown Prince Don Luis and went to live in his house. In 1792 Goya became deaf from an illness. His feelings and emotions became filled with darkness and ghostly thoughts. His character became more withdrawn and introspective while he devoted himself only to his paintings. Despite his disability, in 1799 Goya was appointed ‘Royal Painter’ and worked by Royal Order to paint the King, Queen and Royal family pictures as ell as portraits ‘Princess de la Paz’ and many other nobles. This made Goya very popular amongst other Royalty. In 1814 Goya isolated himself from everything and bought a house on the outskirts of Manzanares, which became known as the ‘House of the Deaf’. There, he drifted himself from others and painted the famous Black Pictures, a series of dark paintings. Some of the paintings which are known are The Witc hes Sabbath, The Reading, The Fates and Saturn Devouring His Son. In 1824 Goya left Spain only to return two years later after suffering from another illness. His son Francisco Javier met him and took care of his father. However, despite his son’s hospitality and kindness Goya decided to return to Bordeaux, where he resided before his illness. Goya carried out his life alone, locked in a closed room. One day he received a message from his son, Javier announcing a visit. This news was very emotionally overwhelming for Goya. Due to his frail condition, the news caused him to breakdown and it unfortunately resulted in his death. Francisco Jose de Goya passed away on April 16th 1826 but his genius work still remains to inspire us. Physical Description of Saturn Devouring His Son The painting Saturn Devouring his Son is an image of the Roman g-d Saturn, eating one of his children. The painting portrays Saturn as an insane figure with his eyes bulging out of his head and fingers pressed tightly on the back of his child, whom he is devouring and whose head has already been eaten and blood spilling out of the open flesh. The background is black which makes the light coloured limbs of Saturn and his Son to stand out, as well as the madness in Saturn’s eyes. Goya used oil paints and perhaps real blood for an additional affect. The painting portrays an intense haunting theme and I believe it reflects Goya’s thoughts and emotions before he died. The piece Saturn Devouring His Son is a painting of a Roman g-d fearing a prophecy that one of his children would one day overthrow him which led him to devour all of his children. The expression theory by Tolstoy â€Å"holds that art communicates something in the realm of feelings and emotions† (Tolstoy 155). This piece proves Tolstoy’s theory as Goya painted the painting a few years before his lonely death after he isolated himself from the world. The painting transmits negative, sad feelings upon looking at it, just as Goya felt while creating it. â€Å"Art conveys knowledge of how to perceive the world around us†¦the medium of expression in art is neither objective nor subjective. It is the matter of a new experience in which subjective and objective† (Freeland 167) are intertwined. From this we understand that Freeland is explaining that ones art is influenced not by ones subjective view or by an objective view, but that art is both coming together into one piece if expression with both subjective and objective influencing it. Saturn Devouring His Son conveys knowledge on how Goya perceived the world at the time he painted the piece, as well as how society may have been in the 17th century. MLA Citation Ediciones . Minos, A Goya Biograophy, 1961http://www. eeweems. com/goya/1961_prado_bio. html The Answers Family, Francisco Goyahttp://www. anwers. com/topic/franciscogoya. html

THE USE OF BAD ENGINEERING IN METROPOLIS THE INVISIBLE RAY & FORBIDDEN PLANET essays

THE USE OF BAD ENGINEERING IN METROPOLIS THE INVISIBLE RAY & FORBIDDEN PLANET essays In today's technological universe, most science fiction films and texts, being "the only literature capable of exploring the macro-history of our species. . . in a cosmic context" (Franklin, Internet), are structured on hard science and research and contain machines or other devices which are quite recognizable in form and shape to the general viewing audience. But this has not always been the case, for in a number of science fiction films produced in the early days of Hollywood and well into the late 1950's, the portrayal of mechanical devices, such as robots, weapons, communications instruments and navigational aids, not to mention certain theories or ideas concerning radiation and power sources, were based on pure speculation and hypothesis with a grain of engineering ingenuity added for good measure. Some of these devices and ideas were well ahead of their time, but most were either ill-conceived or based on pseudo-science, being unscientific in nature. Three films stand out as prime examples of the application of "bad engineering"Metropolis ( 1926), directed by Fritz Lang; The Invisible Ray (1936), directed by Lambert Hillyer, and Forbidden Planet (1956), directed by Fred MacLeod Wilcox. According to Erica Hawkins, Metropolis is a showcase for Lang's visual prowess and relies upon "innovative visual imagery that was well ahead of its time," which is highlighted by the film's scenario of "a robot- like society controlled by an evil super-industrialist" (Internet, 2004). In essence, Metropolis, set in the year 2026, relates the tale of a future supercity where the workers spend a zombie-like existence working underneath the city, running the machines that keep it alive and that allow the elite city masters to frolic in reckless abandon. These tyrannical industrialists also live in absolute splendor, while the workers live ...

IS MODERN SOCIETY RATIONAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IS MODERN SOCIETY RATIONAL - Essay Example Evidence of their influence may be found in many features of modernization theory: the frequent use of dichotomous type constructions and concepts such as "social differentiation" and "social system"; an emphasis upon the ability to adapt to gradual, "continual change as the normal condition of stability; the attribution of causal priority to immanent sources of change; and the analysis of social change as a directional" process (Tipps, 1973, p 199-226). Tipps also notes that modernization has been employed mainly as an inclusive rather than discriminating concept. It is used to summarize a great many phenomena rather than to discriminate what is modern from other conditions. The level of analysis which is of crucial theoretical significance is that of society and culture--the national state is normally the focus of interest. Finally, Tipps classified modernization theories into two types, the "critical variable" and the "dichotomous" theories. The first type in volves a single kind of change, such as rationalization or industrialization, and the term modernization becomes virtually synonymous with the critical variable. The second type is more common, and involves the process of transformation of traditional societies into modern ones. The process, then, is defined in terms of the end goal, and the end goal is "often a nation very similar to those in the contemporary West" (Lauer, 1977, pp 304-310). The empirical critique argues that modernization theory contains empirical errors or lacunae. Thus, Tipps points out that the theories tend to ignore the impact of forces external to the changing society; to stereotype the meaning of "traditional"; to ignore the diverse kinds and diverse experiences of so-called traditional societies; and to overemphasize the dichotomous nature of tradition and modernity. Parkin states: "a recent critical shift has been away from explanation to description, while this is a matter of degree, the movement away from functionalism has lessened our preparedness to explain how the 'other' works in favor of describing it." (1982, pg. xiii). Finally, the metatheoretical critique offered by Tipps involves the choices made by the theorists in building their systems of thought. We have already noted the tendency to make modernization an inclusive rather than a discriminating concept. This choice toward inclusiveness, argues Tipps, has led the theorists to make the concept "unparsimonious and vague." The concept has lost contact with the empirical reality to which it supposedly refers, and at the same time it is used to refer to "an incredible number of changes at virtually all levels of social reality" (Lauer, 1977, pp 304-310). Thus, Tipps call for a redirection of modernization theory. There are, of course, some efforts in that direction. Frank himself, along with a number of other scholars, is viewing the process of modernization in Marxist terms. There have been other efforts to look at modernization at the individual level in terms of cognitive transformation. No theory has yet been

Selective Mutism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Selective Mutism - Essay Example As you can imagine, the condition can have dramatically negative effects on social functioning. Selective mutism refers to selective silence in a child who speaks freely in very familiar situations. Children who demonstrate this condition appear comfortable and talkative with close family members. However, whenever people other than the closest family members are present, the child is quiet and shy. Some children avoid eye contact and do not communicate in any form with others. They refrain from the use of gestures or changes in facial expression. Selective mutism occurs in a small number of children, probably less than 1% of children in the elementary school settings. It is not known how often children demonstrate the problem during the pre-school years. Prevalence may be higher in the pre-school years because many more children are attending preschool programs than in the past. Children who have developmental language or articulation problems and children whose first language is not English are more likely to be selectively mute. In both circumstances, children may be quiet because of concerns about accents and limited fluency. Research shows that most children with selective mutism were anxious in social situations from an early age. Contrary to many popular ideas, most selectively mute children have not experienced trauma. ... Children who have developmental language or articulation problems and children whose first language is not English are more likely to be selectively mute. In both circumstances, children may be quiet because of concerns about accents and limited fluency. Back to top. How does selective mutism develop Research shows that most children with selective mutism were anxious in social situations from an early age. Contrary to many popular ideas, most selectively mute children have not experienced trauma. Rather their history often includes a toddler period of appropriate language development at home, but clingy, dependent behavior in the presence of unfamiliar or infrequently encountered people. Some children have shown mild forms of separation anxiety, although overt refusal to attend school is not usual. For children for whom English is a second language, case studies usually indicate that the children were not comfortable speaking with people in their first language either. At this time, researchers believe that most selective mutism is a form of social phobia: that is, an anxiety disorder that reflects inhibited social actionts for fear of embarrassment or concerns that others will judge them negatively. Some children have reported that their throats clog up when looking at others as if their vocal chords will not permit them to speak. It is probable that children with the condition have inhibited dispositions as part of their personality characteristics. Extensive studies by Dr. Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have found that about 5% of children react to novel situations with high levels of uncomfortable arousal and a tendency to withdraw. This pattern is

Assignment On The Fundamental Rights

Assignment On The Fundamental Rights All democratic constitutions provide for the guarantee of certain rights, which are inviolable and beyond the reach of the state. Rights arise from very social nature of man and which are the external conditions necessary for the greatest possible development of the capacities of the personality. Fundamental Rights are sacro sanct and the supporting pillars of democracy as a form of government and as a way of life. . Democracy and inviolable fundamental rights go together. In this assignment I would like to elaborate the Fundamental Rights under the Constitution of India. Constitutionalism is an achievement of the modern world. The following are the salient features of Indian Constitution. The longest written constitution in the world The idea of popular sovereignty Supremacy of the constitution Provision for Fundamental Rights Provision for Directive Principles of State Policy Provides Parliamentary system of Government Provision for secularism Encouraging Socialistic pattern of society Sovereign Democratic Republic Provision for Emergency Provides single citizenship Provision for single integrated judiciary Federalism The constitution of India has a wonderful preamble. The preamble is an introduction to a Constitution. It proclaims the source, objectives and date of adoption of the constitution. The preamble of the Indian constitution reads as follows: WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; And to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Demand for Fundamental Rights in India During the 19th century a demand for civil rights in India took deep root. The Indians were subjects and not citizens under British rule. Before 1947 India did not have national liberty, and the individual, therefore, could never imagine to have individual freedom with the complete set of guaranteed fundamental rights. As early in 1895, under the inspiration of Bal Gangadar Thilak, a swaraj bill was prepared and this thought in terms of a constitution guaranteeing fundamental rights. In 1928, the Nehru Report spoke of the need to have fundamental rights in the future constitution of India. In 1933, the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress adopted a resolution in favor of fundamental rights. But the British government did not accept the demand of the Indians to incorporate a list of fundamental rights in the constitutions introduced in India. Fundamental Rights: A Preface The Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, and prevent the State from encroaching on individual liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The purpose of the Fundamental Rights is to preserve individual liberty and democratic principles based on equality of all members of society. They act as limitations on the powers of the legislature and executive, under Article 13, and in case of any violation of these rights the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts of States have the power to declare such legislative or executive action as unconstitutional and void. These rights are largely enforceable against the State, which as per the wide definition provided in Article 12, includes not only the legislative and executive wings of the federal and state governments, but also local administrative authorities and other agencies and institutions which discharge public functions or are of a governmental character. However, there are certain rights such as those in Articles 15, 17, 18, 23, 24 that are also available against private individuals. Further, certain Fundamental Rights including those under Articles 14, 20, 21, 25 apply to persons of any nationality upon Indian soil, while others such as those under Articles 15, 16, 19, 30 are applicable only to citizens of India. The Fundamental Rights are not absolute and are subject to reasonable restrictions as necessary for the protection of public interest. The Fundamental Rights can be enhanced, removed or otherwise altered through a constitutional amendment passed by a two-thirds majority of each House of Parliament. The imposition of a state of emergency may lead to a temporary suspension any of the Fundamental Rights, excluding Articles 20 and 21, by order of the President. The President may, by order, suspend the right to constitutional remedies as well, thereby barring citizens from approaching the Supreme Court for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21, during the period of the emergency. Parliament may also restrict the application of the Fundamental Rights to members of the Indian Armed Forces and the police, in order to ensure proper discharge of their duties and the maintenance of discipline, by a law made under Article 33. Classification of Fundamental Rights The Constitution of India in part III provides for six categories of fundamental rights. They are; Right to Equality The Right to Equality is one of the chief guarantees of the Constitution. It is embodied in Articles 14-16, which collectively encompass the general principles of equality before law and non-discrimination, and Articles 17-18 which collectively further the philosophy of social equality. Article 14 guarantees equality before law as well as equal protection of the law to all persons within the territory of India. This includes the equal subjection of all persons to the authority of law, as well as equal treatment of persons in similar circumstances The latter permits the State to classify persons for legitimate purposes, provided there is a reasonable basis for the same, meaning that the classification is required to be non-arbitrary, based on a method of intelligible differentiation among those sought to be classified, as well as have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by the classification. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. This right can be enforced against the State as well as private individuals, with regard to free access to places of public entertainment or places of public resort maintained partly or wholly out of State funds. However, the State is not precluded from making special provisions for women and children or any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens, including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This exception has been provided since the classes of people mentioned therein are considered deprived and in need of special protection. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them. It creates exceptions for the implementation of m easures of affirmative action for the benefit of any backward class of citizens in order to ensure adequate representation in public service, as well as reservation of an office of any religious institution for a person professing that particular religion. The practice of untouchability has been declared an offence punishable by law under Article 17, and the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 has been enacted by the Parliament to further this objective. Article 18 prohibits the State from conferring any titles other than military or academic distinctions, and the citizens of India cannot accept titles from a foreign state. Right to Freedom The Right to Freedom is covered in Articles 19-22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the Constitution, and these Articles also include certain restrictions that may be imposed by the State on individual liberty under specified conditions. Article 19 guarantees six freedoms in the nature of civil rights, which are available only to citizens of India. These include the freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association without arms, freedom of movement throughout the territory of India, freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country of India and the freedom to practice any profession. All these freedoms are subject to reasonable restrictions that may impose on them by the State, listed under Article 19 itself. The grounds for imposing these restrictions vary according to the freedom sought to be restricted, and include national security, public order, decency and morality, contempt of court, incitement to offences, and defamation. The State is also empowered, in the interests of the general public to nationalize any trade, industry or service to the exclusion of the citizens. The freedoms guaranteed by Article 19 are further sought to be protected by Articles 20-22. Article 20 provides protection against arbitrary and excessive punishment to any person who commits an offence. Article 21 prevents the encroachment of life or personal liberty by the State except in accordance with the procedure established by law. The Supreme Court also ruled that life under Article 21 meant more than a mere animal existence; it would include the right to live with human dignity and all other aspects which made life meaningful, complete and worth living. Subsequent judicial interpretation has broadened the scope of Article 21 to include within it a number of rights including those to livelihood, clean environment, good health, speedy trial and humanitarian treatment while imprisoned. The right to education at elementary level has been made one of the Fundamental Rights under Article 21A by the 86th Constitutional amendment of 2002. Article 22 provides specific rights to arre sted and detained persons, in particular the rights to be informed of the grounds of arrest, consult a lawyer of ones own choice, be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest, and the freedom not to be detained beyond that period without an order of the magistrate. Right against Exploitation The Right against Exploitation, contained in Articles 23-24, lays down certain provisions to prevent exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by individuals or the State. Article 23 prohibits human trafficking, making it an offence punishable by law, and also prohibits forced labor or any act of compelling a person to work without wages where he was legally entitled not to work or to receive remuneration for it. Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 to work in any factory or mine or in any other hazardous employment. This has been provided to protect the health of future citizens, and also on the ground of humanity. Right to Freedom of Religion The Right to Freedom of Religion, covered in Articles 25-28, provides religious freedom to all citizens and ensures a secular state in India. According to the Constitution, there is no official State religion, and the State is required to treat all religions impartially and neutrally. Article 25 guarantees all persons the freedom of conscience and the right to preach practice and propagate any religion of their choice. This right is, however, subject to public order, morality and health, and the power of the State to take measures for social welfare and reform. The right to propagate, however, does not include the right to convert another individual, since it would amount to an infringement of the others right to freedom of conscience. Article 26 guarantees all religious denominations and sects, subject to public order, morality and health, to manage their own affairs in matters of religion, set up institutions of their own for charitable or religious purposes, and own, acquire and m anage property in accordance with law. These provisions do not derogate from the States power to acquire property belonging to a religious denomination. The State is also empowered to regulate any economic, political or other secular activity associated with religious practice. Article 27 guarantees that no person can be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of any particular religion or religious institution. Article 28 prohibits religious instruction in a wholly State-funded educational institution, and educational institutions receiving aid from the State cannot compel any of their members to receive religious instruction or attend religious worship without their (or their guardians) consent. Cultural and Educational Rights The Cultural and Educational rights, given in Articles 29 and 30, are measures to protect the rights of cultural, linguistic and religious minorities, by enabling them to conserve their heritage and protecting them against discrimination. Article 29 grants any section of citizens having a distinct language, script culture of its own, the right to conserve and develop the same, and thus safeguards the rights of minorities by preventing the State from imposing any external culture on them. It also prohibits discrimination against any citizen for admission into any educational institutions maintained or aided by the State, on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. However, this is subject to reservation of a reasonable number of seats by the State for socially and educationally backward classes, as well as reservation of up to 50Â  percent of seats in any educational institution run by a minority community for citizens belonging to that community. Article 30 confers upon all religious and linguistic minorities the right to set up and administer educational institutions of their choice in order to preserve and develop their own culture, and prohibits the State, while granting aid, from discriminating against any institution on the basis of the fact that it is administered by a religious or cultural minority. The right under Article 30 can be availed of even if the educational institution established does not confine itself to the teaching of the religion or language of the minority concerned, or a majority of students in that institution do not belong to such minority. This right is subject to the power of the State to impose reasonable regulations regarding educational standards, conditions of service of employees, fee structure, and the utilization of any aid granted by it. Right to Constitutional Remedies The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India seek enforcement, or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental Rights. Article 32 provides a guaranteed remedy, in the form of a Fundamental Right itself, for enforcement of all the other Fundamental Rights, and the Supreme Court is designated as the protector of these rights by the Constitution. The Supreme Court has been empowered to issue writs, namely habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo-warranto for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights The Supreme Court has the jurisdiction to enforce the Fundamental Rights even against private bodies, and in case of any violation, award compensation as well to the affected individual. Exercise of jurisdiction by the Supreme Court can also be on the basis of a Public Interest Litigation. This right cannot be suspended, except under the provisions of Article 359 when a state of emergency is declared. Directive Principles of State Policy The constitution of India envisages a welfare state for the country in which liberty, equality and fraternity will prevail. Part IV, from article 36 to 51 of the constitution [16 Articles] deals with Directive Principles of State Policy. They are more or less elaboration of principles and ideals contained in the preamble of the constitution. They are the core of our commitment to the silent social revolution. They fix certain social and economic goals to be attained through a non violent social revolution. Classification The Directive Principles of State Policy is directed towards the establishment a welfare state in India. These positive guidelines can be broadly divided into three. Socialistic Principles The principles grouped in this category are socialistic both in their direction and content. Article 38 of the constitution directs the state to secure a social order for the promotion of the people. Article 39 of the constitution briefly lays down the basic philosophy of democratic socialism. It directs the state to secure, Adequate means of livelihood both for men and women Fair distribution of resources, that is, ownership and control of material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good. The wealth of the nation should not be concentrated in the hands of a few Equal pay for equal work for both men and women The children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment Article 41 provides for right to work, to education and to public assistance. Article 42 directs the state to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. Article 43 directs the state to provide a living wage and conditions of work etc. Gandhian Principles Certain principles of state policy seek to organize the new order in accordance with some Gandhian principles, Article 40 says the state shall take steps to organize village panchayaths and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self government. Article 43 directed the state to promote cottage industries in an individual and cooperative basis in rural areas. According to the Article 46, the state shall promote with special care educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. Article 47 directs that the state shall regard raising the level of nutrition Liberal Policies Directive principles under this category direct the state to secure for all citizens a uniform civil code to the people belonging to different religions. Article 45 directs that the state shall endeavor to provide and compulsory education. Article 49 provides that it is the obligation of the state to protect monuments or place or object of artistic or historic interest, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export .Article 50 directs the state to take steps to separate the judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the state. Article 51 stands for the promotion of international peace and security. Fundamental Duties The following are the Fundamental Duties prescribed by the Constitution of the nation under PART [IV-A] to its every citizen: (a) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem. (b) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom. (c) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. (d) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. (e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. (f) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. (g) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures. (h) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform. (i) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence. (j) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement. Conclusion The Fundamental Rights embodied in the Indian constitution acts as a guarantee that all Indian citizens can and will lead their lives in peace as long as they live in Indian democracy. These civil liberties take precedence over any other law of the land. They include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights such as habeas corpus. The directive principles are aiming at the welfare state. The fundamental duties are for the establishment of a just nation which is socially committed. So all of these are essential for the survival of a transparent democracy. Modern Social Work is highly based on the rights of individuals. So knowledge of rights and duties become quite significant in the social work as a profession and as an area of study.

The Last of the Mohicans

Is racism a choice or not?   The novel `The Last of the Mohicans,` by James Fenimore Cooper, did provide evidences of racism as practice not only by Americans but also by other cultures which suggests a strong indication on the possible roots of racism. This paper therefore attempts to dramatize this new found reality that may not be known or accepted by many.   The three part thesis of the paper is stated in the following propositions: (1) the racism has its roots in nature and it must be having been part of human nature. (2) That racism has been practiced due to natives wanting to preserve their cultures, and (3) that racism is strongly felt in gender mix. Since the Native Americans are forced to live with their colonizers, refusal to intermarry with the European colonizers must have been a natural thing to do. Hence what is ever is happening as racism in the United States must be traced back to this great of American history. To dwell therefore on the belief that discrimination is a well-planned reaction to other cultures may seem to find litter support as it not natural to hate or discriminate other people. There must be a prior experience in the past that has entered the subconscious level.   Not surprisingly therefore one could read in the American literature stories and novels that my have the colors or some racial problem. But the racial reactions was not chosen voluntarily as intended reaction but a subconscious reaction become something hurtful that has happened in the past. The issue of apparently prohibited a sexual racial mixture between cultures is depicted in the novel The Last of the Mohicans by Fenimore Cooper's. The word ‘miscegenation', which the shortened word for the sexual racial mixture has taken its meaning from two parts ‘miscere' and ‘genus'   is apparently used in the at the end of the nineteenth century, and the word was actually   found mainly in the analysis of previous literary works. In appreciating therefore the reality to a profound and realistic portrayal of gender and racial relations between Native Americans and white people in the period of Indian and French Wars in his novel, author Cooper made an introduction of his own vision of early native Americans taking the position that miscegenation should be prohibited. It may be argued that the existing political and social issues are indeed influenced by the attitude of white people towards Native Americans in the past.  Ã‚   To be specific about it one may check that the at the end of the seventeenth century there were indeed some American states to have passed specific laws that were aimed at prohibiting sexual racial mixture and this may inferred to have deprived people of different races, with the exception of the white population but not without the undeniable repercussion as far as the American political rights particularly violation to the principles of equality. On taking the contrary view miscegenation may lessen the differences between two races but people then or may even this could aggravate these distinctions because people would be detached and removed from their customary background and by forbidding them from integration into the new environment. This could observed by the fact America's vision as seen by some is large measure of what the country’s have projected as a model   about a future-realizable condition, instead of using the past to look the situation using reason.   With this seeming mismatch, America may have been involved in complex racial tensions and conflicts which appeared to be directed Native Americans. This same reason was also evident in Cooper’s rejection of sexual mixture in the book. In his portrayal of gender relations and miscegenation in the novels, Cooper may be opening the minds of those who know the real background or origin of racism as a social phenomenon.  Ã‚   Not many people will disagree that the US the country that brought a into living together as community of people   from different races   if one will observe that such may have even started from the   period of colonization. Since colonization may only be a desire to influence other cultures. But as soon as the process of interaction was started it, history has recorded about colonizers making constant attempts to destroy beliefs of Native Americans both from the cultural and religious aspects. The most immediate reaction however was for the indigenous population with America to want preservation of their cultural identity which normally is conflicting to the principles of white people. It is proper at this point to produce evidence from the text why Cooper has shown rejection of sexual mixture between races.   In his narration, Fenimore Cooper has described the people or character in the novel with mixed and unmixed blood. One of the characters in the novel is Hawkeye, who despite the fact of being culturally connected with both white people and Indians, he is portrayed by author as a person â€Å"without a cross†[1] The author may have the same treatment of Alice Munro who is described as â€Å"surprisingly fair†[2]. For another character by the name of Chingachgook, the author has presented as an unmixed Mohican. Cooper has created characters belonging to the other race like Cora, the elder sister of Alice, who may be described to of mixed race, who played the role of protecting even at the cost of her own life.   Cora was indeed presented as coming from â€Å"that unfortunate class who are so basely enslaved to administer to the wants of a luxurious people†[3] from the race of West Indians, who cannot marry a person from the South. It may be concluded then that Cooper did portrayed a story of racism in the US dating back to period of colonization as the book revealed women characters being prohibited to many from other race and therefore an indication of lack of freedom and equality when it comes to issues of choosing their marital partners. Cooper portrayed a judgment for women who ignored racial prejudices and assigned their societal-dictated roles, by either being rejected by society or having to die as they are opposing to sexual mixture. In the novel, one could conclude in their minds how the author Cooper has chosen to exterminate ignorer of racial prejudices such Cora and Magua if only to prevent an incompatible marriage. Work Cited: Cooper, J `The Last of the Mohicans, ` St. Martin's Press, New York, 1984 [1] Cooper, 1984 p.4. [2] Cooper, 1984 p.378 [3] Cooper, 1984 p.310

Cognitive Process Culture Essay

Lamadrid takes into account the mythical or magical dimension of the novel and relates it to the emerging social consciousness of the protagonist. He asserts that Anaya elucidates that the command of Curandera is consequential in nature is derived from mythical though process and it resultant knowledge. These mythical thought processes itself are derived from resolution of the contradiction that is inherent within the culture. So he portrays power as capability to contemplate and comprehend the social processes in a dialectical way. So myth is not something extra-human and acultural phenomenon but it is a cognitive representation of social thought process. This scholarly article facilitates readers to understand the role of Antonio in the context of mythical realism and development of his mature social consciousness at the end of the novel. People resort to Antonio at critical times because they are inherently aware that these mediators have powers that can offer remedies to their maladies. So myth helps understanding the role of Antonio in the society and how this role is established. Mancelos, Joao de. Witchcraft, Initiation and Cultural Identity in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima. Alfarrabio. Retreieved on 12 October 2008. Website: This article manifests the development of Antonio and how different elements of chicano culture i. e. witchcraft, cultural identity play a vital role in helping him achieving maturity. He considers the role of Ultima and his witchcraft prowess to help Antonio explore his cultural identity. This article elaborates the role of his familial traditions, by his Hispanic lineage and his Catholic religion at an early stage of his life. Later he learned the tussle between Ultima and his religions but prefers Ultima and his witchcraft. All this contribute toward his maturity at the end of the novel. This article explains various developmental stages of Antonio and contribution of various factors during these periods and enables us to understand the contributories toward this development.

The Problem Of Social Networking - 922 Words

Little by little, technology has turned into a basic mostly that individuals speak with each other and has progressively assumed the position of up close and personal correspondence. Because of the quick extension of innovation, numerous people expect that individuals might be excessively inundated in this computerized world and not introduce enough in this present reality. Social networking is Internet destinations for individuals to connect uninhibitedly, sharing their considerations and taking part in a discussion, utilizing words, sound, pictures and recordings. These administrations permit people, associations and governments to make, trade substance and spreading data with an extensive number of individuals without geological requirements. It shows up in numerous structures, including sites and microblogs, wikis, informal communities, virtual worlds, gatherings and message sheets, media-sharing locales and social bookmarking. There are quantities of surely understood locales. T hese advancements are so regular, they don t give them a hesitation; they are just there. With practically every family owning a PC we even tend to underestimate them. Presently envision these written work innovations didn t exist and that Henry Thoreau s dad didn t idealize the pencil, what might you snatch then? This is the thing that I set out to do; discover a composition innovation that isn t basic today. Whether you are dating someone, interviewing someone, or just meeting someone forShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Social Networking1810 Words   |  8 PagesMadness of â€Å"social networking† certainly won t completely take part in electronic digital technological know-how online. Social network sites are generally Myspace, Youtube, Twitting, LinkedIn, and so on. From the other improvements while using the earlier few years has become a 2010 growth concerning social networking. Today’s period besides world entirely will depend on the tranny location. On the contr ary, internet sites were becoming explored right from the start concerning 20 th hundred yearsRead MoreProblems and Risks of Social Networking throughout the World916 Words   |  4 PagesSocial networks have been increasingly used by people all over the world. Surging since the creation of Facebook which now has over one billion active users. These social networks are services that allow individuals to create an online profile and create their own group of friends with whom to share a connection. They also allow users to share ideas, pictures/videos, posts, events, activities and their interests with people in their chosen network. There are many different social networks providingRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Provide More Benefits than Problems Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesVarious social networking services have achieved enormous success at the first decade of the 21st century. Up to 2010, more than 500 million users globally have been regularly using Facebook (Kirkpatrick, 2010, 2). A social networking site is defined as an online platform where socially related users can communicate and share information with each other, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Renren. Howevertheir success did not come without a price. It has long been a question that whether theseRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Have Brought More Problems Than Benefits to Society.983 Words   |  4 PagesSocial networking sites are a new revolution that deserves our attention, as we ourselves are part of this revolution. Social networking is an umbrella term that refers to the various activities that integrate technology, social interaction, and construction of words, pictures, audio and videos. Simply put, social networking is about the million of conversations that take place all over the world on social networking sites, which includes Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, online forums, etc. ProponentsRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Social Networking on Teenagers1547 Words   |  6 Pag esThe popularity of social networking increased rapidly during the past few years, and it has become part of everyone life in our society. Social Networking can define as an online site that focuses on creating the relationships among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections (Boyd Ellison, 2008). The popular social networking sites, for instance, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram are used excessively in teenagers’ society. It is a new socialization for them. It isRead MoreOverview of Social Networking1393 Words   |  6 Pagescan harm college admission. I have known a family friend that has experienced social networking in a horrible way, which has messed with his dreams and life goals. Social networking has a negative influence on our lives, causing many various problems in our community. Social networks are internet sites that help people interact with each other, and help deliver information such as pictures and videos. Social networking started in 1971, which was when the very first email was delivered. But it wasRead MoreThe Effects of Facebook to Study Habits1734 Words   |  7 PagesCollege High School Department S.Y. 2011 - 2012 THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING TO THE STUDY HABITS OF 4TH YEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS A Thesis Presented To: Mrs. Ma. Teresa C. Radovan In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements In English IV Submitted by: Juan Paulo Concepcion Renz Daniel Tenedero Jeffrey Sanchez John Lemuel Lastimado Jeoffrey Asuncion March 2011 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION As many as you know, social networks have been famous since 2001 with Friendster, MySpaceRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1033 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the use of social media? Although the use of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world don’t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problem, but there are moreRead MoreSocial Networking Has Caused More Harm Than Good to People923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe motion that social networking has done more harm than good to Nigerian youths. Social networking has become a major part of society. Even big businesses and celebrities are jumping on the social networking bandwagon. Many people wake up each day and check social websites first thing in the morning instead of reaching for a newspaper. According to Mashable.com, as of June 2010, American Internet users spend more than 22 percent of their online time using a social networking site. Since peopleRead MoreIn social networking sites, other than communicating with existing friends, people can find and900 Words   |  4 Pages In social networking sites, other than communicating with existing friends, people can find and make friends with other people with similar interests or from the same school or company etc. Mobile social networking servicesto connect to their social communities with a mobile device, through one or more available mobile channels. Members share experiences, interests, opinions, presence information and personal content through their mobile devices. Mobile adds new capabilities to social networking